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. 2018 Oct 3;8:14724. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-33037-2

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Vegfr2 heterozygosity inhibits chemically-induced skin carcinogenesis and angiogenesis. (a) Increased number of papillomas (benign tumors) in control Vegfr2^+/+; Fgfr1^f/f; Fgfr2^f/f mice (Ctl, also referred to as DFF) compared to Vegfr2^Cre/+ and DCKO mice. (b) Quantification of papilloma number and percentage of tumor occurrence in control, Vegfr2^Cre/+, and DCKO mice (n = 15), left panel legend is applicable to the right one. (c) Immunofluorescence staining showing increased K14-positive papilloma cells and fewer CD31-positive endothelial cells in control versus Vegfr2^Cre/+ or DCKO mice. (d) Quantification of CD31 vessels in panel C. (e,f) Immunofluorescence staining (e) and quantitation (f) showing increased Meca32- positive vessels in control versus Vegfr2^Cre/+ or DCKO mice papilloma-bearing dorsal skin. Ctl, wild type control; Epi, epidermis; Der, dermis. Results are mean ± SEM. Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze significance (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001) compared to control. Where mouse number is unstated, each symbol represents one mouse. Ear skin sections with or without papillomas were imaged with a 10X objective.