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. 2018 Oct 3;9:4058. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-06433-5

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Schematic diagram showing how to transform the native surface to MgCO₃. A Mg micropillar with electron beam transparent size is fabricated by focused ion beam (left), and then exposures in air for 30 min to form a native oxide film (middle). After being transferred into the E-TEM, the air-formed surface layer is expected to react with the e-beam excited CO₂^*, and produce a compact MgCO₃ protective layer on the pillar’s surface without any extra heating (right)