Table 3.

List of reports on modelling HD and PD using 2D human iPSC-based systems.

disorder	mutation	phenotypes described	reference
Huntington's disease
Huntington's disease (HD)	HTT (42/44; 39/42; 17/45 CAG repeats)	increased lysosomal activity	Camnasio et al. [137]
HD	HTT (60; 109 CAG repeats)	altered gene expression of neurodevelopmental pathways and synaptic homeostasis	HD iPSC Consortium 2017 [73]
Parkinson's disease
Parkinson's disease (PD)	LRRK2 (G2019S)	increased susceptibility to oxidative stress	Nguyen et al. [68]
PD	LRRK2 (G2019S)	increased susceptibility to proteasomal stress	Liu et al. [138]
PD	LRRK2 (G2019S)	increased susceptibility to oxidative and mitochondrial stress; diminished neurite outgrowth	Reinhardt et al. [139]
PD	GBA (RecNcil; L444P; N370S)	autophagic/lysosomal deficiency; impaired Ca2+ homeostasis	Schondorf et al. [140]
PD	GBA (N370S)	DA homeostasis defects	Woodard et al. [141]
PD	PARK2 (various mutations)	impaired dopaminergic differentiation; mitochondrial alterations	Shaltouki et al. [142]
PD	PARK2: EX3-5DEL; PARK2: EX3D EL	reduced complexity of neuronal processes	Ren et al. [143]
PD	PARK7 (c. 192G > C)	mitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunction	Burbulla et al. [144]
PD	SNCA (G209A)	n.a.	Soldner et al. [145]
PD	SNCA triplication	increased susceptibility to oxidative stress	Byers et al. [146]
PD	SNCA (G209A)	increased susceptibility to oxidative and nitrosative stress	Ryan et al. [147]
PD	SNCA (G209A); SNCA triplication	increased nitrosative stress; ER stress	Chung et al. [148]
PD	SNCA triplication	increased susceptibility to oxidative stress	Flierl et al. [149]
PD	SNCA triplication	impaired neuronal differentiation; compromised neurite outgrowth	Oliveira et al. [150]
PD	SNCA (G209A)	defective synaptic connectivity; axonal neuropathology; altered expression of synaptic transcripts	Kouroupi et al. [70]
PD	SNCA (G209A)	fragmented mitochondria and αSyn deposits at mitochondrial membranes in response to cardiolipin	Ryan et al. [151]