Table 6.
Tarsometatarsal measurement ranges for elephant bird species recognized in this study.
| measurement |
Mullerornis modestus |
Aepyornis hildebrandti |
Aepyornis maximus |
Vorombe titan |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| range (mm) | N | range (mm) | N | range (mm) | N | range (mm) | N | |
| Tmt1 | 271.0–324.0 | 11 | 288–346 | 18 | 352–385 | 5 | 419.0–486.0 | 5 |
| Tmt2 | 15.0–20.3 | 11 | 23.1–29.42 | 18 | 27.0–34.7 | 5 | 32.0–39.0 | 5 |
| Tmt3 | 27.0–32.3 | 11 | 50.5–65.0 | 18 | 63.3–69.2 | 5 | 76.9–87.2 | 5 |
| Tmt4 | 27.2–37.6 | 11 | 9.2–50.9 | 17 | 48.3–54.5 | 5 | 59.8–62.7 | 5 |
| Tmt5 | 65.0–79.3 | 11 | 105.7–118.5 | 18 | 125.2–140.2 | 5 | 164.0–178.0 | 5 |
| Tmt6 | 27.9–39.5 | 11 | 34.1–59.9 | 16 | 46.4458.6 | 5 | 61.6–67.8 | 5 |
| Tmt7 | 24.0–30.4 | 11 | 31.6–69.3 | 18 | 46.4–54.7 | 5 | 52.9–68.0 | 4 |
| Tmt8 | 26.3–44.7 | 10 | 24.5–69.7 | 18 | 71.8–87.8 | 5 | 74.7–95.3 | 4 |
| Tmt9 | 65.8–81.5 | 11 | 47.8–123.1 | 18 | 140.3–150.5 | 4 | 173.0–184.0 | 5 |
| Tmt10 | 54.0–67.3 | 11 | 78.1–110.6 | 18 | 108.3–118.7 | 4 | 131.1–153.0 | 5 |
| Tmt11 | 64.0–75.3 | 11 | 99.8–114.1 | 18 | 120.5–140.1 | 5 | 161.0–173.0 | 5 |
| Tmt12 | 17.6–25.9 | 11 | 21.9–31.1 | 17 | 32.5–36.8 | 5 | 33.9–48.9 | 5 |
| Tmt13 | 26.4–34.2 | 11 | 35.6–48.5 | 17 | 44.6–54.2 | 5 | 54.8–61.7 | 5 |
| Tmt14 | 21.3–27.4 | 10 | 38.4–45.8 | 18 | 44.8–55.5 | 5 | 59.1–81.6 | 4 |
| Tmt15 | 19.7–27.6 | 11 | 34.2–39.3 | 18 | 43.7–50.7 | 4 | 54.9–73.7 | 4 |
| Tmt16 | 21.3–27.9 | 10 | 38.7–47.3 | 18 | 49.8–53.9 | 4 | 57.3–66.7 | 4 |
| Tmt17 | 30.0–37.2 | 11 | 44.26–54.24 | 16 | 61–66.1 | 5 | 64.1–83.1 | 4 |
| Tmt18 | 28.0–34.2 | 11 | 38.2–47.1 | 16 | 50.7–62.1 | 5 | 68.8–76.8 | 4 |
| Tmt19 | 26.2–38.2 | 11 | 45.6–53.7 | 16 | 62.2–68.02 | 5 | 76.4–88.1 | 4 |
| Tmt20 | 25.4–31.0 | 11 | 38.9–52.6 | 18 | 50.3–56.2 | 5 | 63.7–80.4 | 4 |
| Tmt21 | 22.0–25.8 | 10 | 32.5–45.8 | 18 | 45.4–50.6 | 5 | 55.4–89.8 | 4 |
| Tmt22 | 19.0–29.9 | 10 | 35.7–42.7 | 18 | 48–53.5 | 5 | 55.2–70.0 | 4 |
| Tmt23 | 20.0–34.6 | 9 | 47.556.3 | 18 | 55.6–70.6 | 5 | 61.5–81.4 | 5 |
| Tmt24 | 23.0–36.3 | 10 | 43.9–53.6 | 18 | 52.9–61.7 | 5 | 65.2–73.5 | 5 |
| Tmt25 | 24.6–33.4 | 11 | 35–6.2 | 18 | 47.5–58.1 | 5 | 59.2–65.3 | 5 |
| Tmt26 | 35.0–47.5 | 9 | 42.3–61.5 | 18 | 55.8–65.1 | 5 | 68.6–85.5 | 5 |
| Tmt27 | 34.0–68.8 | 11 | 50.6–62.1 | 18 | 64.6–71.3 | 5 | 80.1–96.2 | 5 |
| Tmt28 | 24.0–45.6 | 10 | 49.5–64.3 | 17 | 53.6–73.4 | 5 | 77.2–100.1 | 5 |
| Tmt29 | 20.5–30.3 | 10 | 36.0–55.4 | 17 | 43.4–66.1 | 5 | 54.2–59.1 | 5 |
| Tmt30 | 26.1–33.2 | 11 | 40–51.8 | 18 | 51.1–56.4 | 5 | 53.6–70.6 | 5 |
| Tmt31 | 26.8–35.3 | 11 | 39.0–48.1 | 18 | 49.2–58.9 | 5 | 62.4–67.6 | 5 |
| Tmt32 | 6.8–12.8 | 10 | 8.8–17.2 | 17 | 14.5–20.2 | 5 | 14.1–24.6 | 5 |
| Tmt33 | 56.0–67.4 | 10 | 85.5–104.5 | 18 | 121.6–135.3 | 4 | 151.9–167.0 | 4 |
| Tmt34 | 10.2–19.9 | 8 | 14.8–25.2 | 16 | 21.1–33.4 | 5 | 26.1–36.4 | 3 |
| Tmt35 | 32.6–45.6 | 11 | 56.3–64.6 | 17 | 73.2–79.6 | 4 | 88.2–99.7 | 5 |
| Tmt36 | 19.0–34.2 | 11 | 38.5–50.5 | 17 | 45.1–53.1 | 5 | 50.8–69.8 | 5 |
| Tmt37 | 18.2–33.6 | 8 | 36.7–53.2 | 17 | 37.9–49 | 4 | 52.3–82.0 | 5 |
| Tmt38 | 38.5–49.0 | 9 | 55.7–71.4 | 17 | 72.5–76.9 | 5 | 73.4–93.0 | 3 |
| Tmt39 | 44.0–53.8 | 9 | 62.44–76.2 | 17 | 84.1–91.7 | 5 | 76.5–110.7 | 4 |
| Tmt40 | 53.8–65.2 | 9 | 82.8–101.1 | 17 | 112–120.2 | 4 | 127.0–137.0 | 4 |
| Tmt41 | 271.0–300.0 | 11 | 259–310 | 17 | 326–357 | 5 | 391.0–440.0 | 4 |
| Tmt42 | 261.0–313.0 | 10 | 258–333 | 17 | 356–372 | 4 | 380.0–447.0 | 5 |
| Tmt43 | 263.0–317.0 | 10 | 274–328 | 17 | 363–372 | 4 | 415.0–457.0 | 5 |
| Tmt44 | 265.0–312.0 | 10 | 284–334 | 17 | 312–381 | 5 | 414.0–459.0 | 4 |