Table 4.
Multivariable-adjusted associations of evolutionary-concordance diet and lifestyle and Mediterranean diet pattern scores with incident colorectal cancer in the Iowa Women’s Health Study (n = 35,221), 1986 – 2012
| Score variable | Evolutionary-concordance scores | Mediterranean diet scorea | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dieta | Lifestyleb | Combinedc | |||||||||
| HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | ||||
| Continuous | 1.00 | 0.99–1.01 | 0.96 | 0.94–0.97 | 0.97 | 0.95–0.98 | 1.00 | 0.99–1.01 | |||
| Quintiles | |||||||||||
| 1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
| 2 | 1.02 | 0.88–1.19 | 0.87 | 0.75–1.00 | 0.92 | 0.79–1.07 | 1.10 | 0.95–1.28 | |||
| 3 | 1.01 | 0.87–1.17 | 0.79 | 0.68–0.91 | 0.83 | 0.72–0.97 | 1.18 | 1.02–1.36 | |||
| 4 | 1.01 | 0.86–1.18 | 0.75 | 0.64–0.87 | 0.85 | 0.73–0.98 | 1.01 | 0.86–1.19 | |||
| 5 | 1.01 | 0.85–1.19 | 0.66 | 0.56–0.78 | 0.70 | 0.59–0.81 | 1.01 | 0.86–1.18 | |||
| P for trend | 0.85 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | 0.98 | |||||||
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HR, hazards ratio.
For score construction, see text and Table 1. HRs from Cox proportional hazards models; covariates included age (years; continuous), family history of colorectal cancer in a first-degree relative (yes/no), smoking status (current, past, never smoker), education (< high school, high school, > high school), body mass index (weight [kg]/height [m]2; continuous), physical activity (low, medium, high), total energy intake (kcal/day; continuous), arthritis (yes/no), and hormone replacement therapy use (current, past, never).
Includes smoking, physical activity, and body mass index; for score construction, see text. HRs from Cox proportional hazards models; covariates included age (years; continuous), family history of colorectal cancer in a first-degree relative (yes/no), education (less than high school, high school, more than high school), total energy intake (kcal/day; continuous), arthritis (yes/no), use of hormone replacement therapy (current, past, never use), and evolutionary-concordant diet score (quintiles).
Combined score = evolutionary-concordant diet score + evolutionary-concordant lifestyle score. HRs from Cox proportional hazards models; covariates included age (years; continuous), family history of colorectal cancer in a first-degree relative (yes/no), education (less than high school, high school, more than high school), total energy intake (kcal/day; continuous), arthritis (yes/no), and use of hormone replacement therapy (current, past, never use).