Table 1.
Characteristics of participants by hypertension* prevalence status and measured systolic blood pressure at baseline in the Buffalo OsteoPerio Study (N=1,341)
| Characteristics: | Hypertension* | p† | Systolic Blood Pressure* | p† | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (N=814) | Yes (N=527) | <140 (N=1051) | ≥140 (N=235) | |||
| Mean (±SD) | Mean (±SD) | |||||
| Age (years) | 65.5±6.7 | 68.1±7.1 | <.0001 | 66.1±6.9 | 69.6±6.9 | <.0001 |
| Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status | 76.4±6.8 | 75.8±7.1 | 0.06 | 76.2±6.8 | 75.5±7.3 | 0.11 |
| Pack–years cigarettes | 10.3±18.5 | 9.8±17.5 | 0.85 | 10.4±18.6 | 8.4±15.5 | 0.18 |
| Alcohol (oz/day) | 0.5±0.7 | 0.4±0.7 | <.0001 | 0.5±0.7 | 0.4±0.7 | 0.06 |
| Healthy Eating Index‡ | 69.7±10.1 | 69.8±10.4 | 0.53 | 69.6±10.2 | 70.7±10.2 | 0.07 |
| Sodium intake (mg) | 2549±946 | 2637.7±1044.7 | 0.18 | 2601±1006 | 2548±896 | 0.73 |
| Total physical activity (MET-hrs/wk) | 15.6±14.4 | 12.7±13.9 | <.0001 | 14.5±14.3 | 13.4±14.2 | 0.33 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.7±4.5 | 27.8±5.7 | <.0001 | 26.6±5.2 | 26.6±4.8 | 0.57 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 113.2±12.2 | 132.6±19.1 | <.0001 | 115.7±12.4 | 150.6±13.1 | <.0001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 68.2±7.5 | 73.5±10.0 | <.0001 | 68.6±7.8 | 79.5±9.3 | <.0001 |
| N (%) | p† | N (%) | p† | |||
| Smoking status | 0.96 | 0.26 | ||||
| Never | 386 (52.4) | 321 (53.1) | 547 (52.0) | 132 (56.4) | ||
| Former | 326 (44.3) | 263 (43.5) | 469 (44.6) | 98 (41.9) | ||
| Current | 24 (3.3) | 20 (3.3) | 35 (3.3) | 4 (1.7) | ||
| Education (Highest level) | 0.20 | 0.27 | ||||
| High School | 143 (19.8) | 137 (22.9) | 213 (20.6) | 56 (24.0) | ||
| College or some college | 318 (44.0) | 270 (45.2) | 465 (45.0) | 92 (39.5) | ||
| Post–graduate | 261 (36.1) | 191 (31.9) | 356 (34.4) | 85 (36.5) | ||
| Race/ethnicity | 0.17 | 0.30 | ||||
| White | 719 (97.7) | 586 (96.9) | 1026 (97.6) | 227 (96.6) | ||
| Black or African American | 8 (1.1) | 14 (2.3) | 13 (1.2) | 6 (2.6) | ||
| Other | 9 (1.2) | 5 (0.8) | 12 (1.1) | 2 (0.9) | ||
| BMI (Categories) | <.0001 | 0.63 | ||||
| < 25 (kg/m2) | 375 (51.0) | 214 (35.4) | 472 (44.9) | 98 (41.7) | ||
| 25 – 29.9 (kg/m2) | 253 (34.4) | 213 (35.2) | 359 (34.2) | 87 (37.0) | ||
| ≥ 30 (kg/m2) | 108 (14.7) | 178 (29.4) | 220 (20.9) | 50 (21.3) | ||
| Anti–cholesterol agent status | <.0001 | 0.57 | ||||
| Never | 633 (86.7) | 433 (72.2) | 838 (80.4) | 185 (79.1) | ||
| Former | 18 (2.5) | 20 (3.3) | 27 (2.6) | 9 (3.8) | ||
| Current | 79 (10.8) | 147 (24.5) | 177 (17.0) | 40 (17.1) | ||
| Diabetes mellitus (Meds at OP visit or WHI self–report) | <.0001 | 0.87 | ||||
| No | 727 (98.8) | 562 (92.9) | 1013 (96.4) | 226 (96.2) | ||
| Yes | 9 (1.2) | 43 (7.1) | 38 (3.6) | 9 (3.8) | ||
| Cardiovascular disease history (WHI self–report) | <.0001 | 0.33 | ||||
| No | 708 (96.2) | 496 (82.0) | 948 (90.2) | 207 (88.1) | ||
| Yes | 28 (3.8) | 109 (18.0) | 103 (9.8) | 28 (11.9) | ||
*
Hypertension defined as taking self–reported physician diagnosis or treatment for hypertension, blood pressure–lowering medication on medication inventory, having systolic blood pressure ≥140, or diastolic blood pressure ≥90
†
p-values based on X2 test for categorical variables, and Wilcoxon Rank-Sum test for continuous variables
‡
HEI is a composite diet score based on intake of 12 categories of foods including fruit, vegetable, whole grains, milk, meat and beans, oils, and sodium.