Figure 4.

Individual learning signals from the right AI during outgroup treatment predict neural analgesia. (a) Second-level regression between the individual magnitude of neural learning during the treatment and the pre- versus post-treatment changes in pain-related activation, FWE-corrected (whole brain at cluster level) = 0.02, visualized at p < 0.001 (uncorrected). (b) Illustration of the results in (a). Extraction of contrast estimates from a 6 mm sphere around the SV FWE-corrected activation peak in AI shows a clear relationship between neural learning and pain-related signals for the experimental group. Specifically, a stronger learning signal in the insula during outgroup treatment predicts a larger pre-to-post-treatment reduction in pain-related activation.