Table 2.

PHC HRQOL scores according to socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of diabetic patients attending clinics in Kuwait

	PHCa
	median (IQR)	p value
Socio-demographic characteristics
Age		0.222
21–45 years	72.92 (41.67)
46–55 years	66.67 (41.67)
»55 years	66.67 (54.17)
Gender		<0.001
Male	79.17 (37.50)
Female	58.33 (50.00)
Nationality		0.092
Kuwaiti	62.50 (45.83)
Non-Kuwaiti	70.83 (45.83)
Marital status		<0.001
Married	70.83 (45.83)
Not married	54.17 (45.83)
Educational level		0.072
Less than high school	66.67 (54.17)
High school and diploma	66.67 (37.50)
University and higher	70.83 (41.67)
Family monthly income		0.002
<500 KWD	70.83 (48.96)
500–1,000 KWD	62.50 (45.83)
»1,000 KWD	75.00 (37.50)
Employment status		<0.001
Employed	75.00 (44.79)
Unemployed/retired	62.50 (50.00)
Smoking		0.093
Yes	70.83 (46.88)
No	66.67 (45.83)
Clinical characteristics
Type of diabetes		0.005
1	62.50 (47.92)
2	75.00 (37.50)
Does not know	62.50 (54.17)
Complications of diabetes		<0.001
0	79.17 (30.21)
1	75.00 (41.67)
2 or more	50.00 (45.83)
Comorbidities		<0.001
0	75.00 (37.50)
1	70.83 (41.67)
2 or more	62.50 (50.0)
Duration of diabetes		0.050
<5 years	75.00 (45.83)
5–10 years	66.67 (50.00)
≥11 years	66.67 (45.83)
Family history		0.309
Yes	70.83 (45.83)
No	62.50 (50.00)
Types of medications		<0.001
Oral only	75.00 (43.75)
Insulin only	58.33 (41.67)
Oral and insulin	56.25 (46.88)
BMI		<0.001
Normal	83.33 (33.33)
Overweight	75.00 (41.67)
Obese	62.50 (45.83)
HbA1C		0.005
Good (<7.0)	70.83 (51.04)
Moderate (7.0–<9.0)	75.00 (41.67)
Poor (≥9.0) DSM	62.50 (50.00)
rs	0.306	<0.001

PHC, physical health composite; HRQOL, health-related quality of life; BMI, body mass index; DSM, diabetes self-management.

^aMedian = 66.67 (IQR 45.8).