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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Oct 4.
Published in final edited form as: J Clean Prod. 2017 Aug 1;158:367–379. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.05.016

Table 1.

Characteristics and production processes of the three lotus-root production modes

Item Pure Lotus root Lotus root-shrimp Lotus root-fish
Area (ha) 73.37 40.02 6.67
Planting time and density The end of March and the middle of August, Neumbo nucifera 10.77t/ha The end of March and the middle of August, Neumbo nucifera 8.74t/ha The end of March and the middle of August, Neumbo nucifera 7.80t/ha
Harvesting time and yield The end of July and February of next year, 37.5t/ha The end of July and February of next year, 37.5t/ha The end of July and February of next year, 37.5t/ha
Input of juvenile shrimp and fry The end of August, Metapenaens affinis 204000 ind./ha The end of August, Oreochromis spp 4200ind./ha, Aristichthys nobilis 3000 ind./ha, Channa argus 1500ind./ha
Harvest time and yield of fish and shrimp March of next year, 0.61t/ha March of next year, 9.45t/ha