Table 3.

Biotype, papilla width (PW), papilla height (PH), gingival recession (GR), recession width (RW) and keratinized tissue (KT) before and after orthodontic treatment

Parameter	[mm]	Time of observation [months]		Difference between baseline and 12 months post-op	p-value (Friedman ANOVA)	Mean diff. (95% Cl) between baseline and 12 months post-op
Biotype	x ± SD	Baseline	1.71 ± 0.52	+ 0.32 mm	p < 0.0001	0.07 (0.26, 0.39)
		3	1.95 ± 0.54
		6	1.89 ± 0.56
		9	1.94 ± 0.59
		12	2.03 ± 0.47
PW	x ± SD	Baseline	3.75 ± 0.92	−0.21 mm	NS	0.29 (−1.11, −0.53)
		3	3.60 ± 1.17
		6	3.77 ± 0.95
		9	3.80 ± 1.13
		12	3.54 ± 1.50
PH	x ± SD	Baseline	4.82 ± 1.16	−0.82 mm	p < 0.0001	0.26 (− 0.47, 0.05)
		3	4.16 ± 1.23
		6	4.52 ± 0.85
		9	4.51 ± 1.14
		12	4.00 ± 1.60
GR	x ± SD	Baseline	0.13 ± 0.47	−0.06 mm	NS	0.05 (−0.11, −0.01)
		3	0.09 ± 0.39
		6	0.08 ± 0.34
		9	0.09 ± 0.36
		12	0.07 ± 0.32
RW	x ± SD	Baseline	0.21 ± 0.75	−0.11 mm	NS	0.08 (−0.20, −0.03)
		3	0.17 ± 0.65
		6	0.16 ± 0.66
		9	0.14 ± 0.61
		12	0.10 ± 0.49
KT	x ± SD	Baseline	5.02 ± 1.79	−0.10 mm	p = 0.0039	0.17 (−0.07, 0.27)
		3	5.21 ± 1.65
		6	5.08 ± 1.75
		9	5.12 ± 1.83
		12	5.12 ± 1.78

x ± SD mean values and standard deviation

Mean diff. mean difference

Cl Coinfidence interval