Table 2.
Prevalence of comorbidities (95% confidence intervals) among participants with COPD aged 40–79 by race and ethnicity, U.S. NHANES 2007–2012 and Korea NHANES 2007–2015
| U.S. NHANES | Korea NHANES | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-Hispanic White (n = 944) | Non-Hispanic Black (n = 324) | Hispanica (n = 227) | Korean (n = 3808) | P value | |
| Asthma | 19.9 (16.5 to 23.7) | 24.0 (19.4 to 29.3) | 20.7 (14.3 to 29.0) | 9.1 (8.0 to 10.4) | < 0.001 |
| Cardiovascular disease | |||||
| Hypertension | 51.5 (47.4 to 55.7) | 70.2 (64.0 to 75.6) | 54.1 (46.4 to 61.5) | 48.8 (46.8 to 50.8) | < 0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia | 65.5 (61.2 to 69.7) | 53.9 (47.3 to 60.3) | 57.2 (48.5 to 65.4) | 44.8 (42.7 to 47.0) | < 0.001 |
| Stroke | 3.6 (2.6 to 4.8) | 7.3 (4.6 to 11.3) | 1.6 (0.5 to 5.3) | 2.5 (2.0 to 3.1) | 0.003 |
| Myocardial infarction | 6.2 (4.7 to 8.1) | 4.2 (2.6 to 6.6) | 5.4 (3.3 to 8.8) | 1.7 (1.2 to 2.3) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 13.3 (10.8 to 16.4) | 23.3 (18.6 to 28.8) | 23.1 (17.5 to 29.7) | 18.4 (16.8 to 20.1) | < 0.001 |
| Anemia | 4.4 (3.0 to 6.3) | 16.4 (12.3 to 21.6) | 9.2 (5.8 to 14.3) | 6.6 (5.7 to 7.6) | < 0.001 |
| Musculoskeletal disease | |||||
| Osteoarthritis | 40.1 (36.4 to 44.0) | 38.0 (33.0 to 43.2) | 31.2 (24.5 to 38.8) | 14.9 (13.5 to 16.5) | < 0.001 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 6.3 (4.3 to 9.1) | 11.9 (8.4 to 16.4) | 7.9 (5.2 to 12.0) | 2.2 (1.6 to 2.8) | < 0.001 |
| Osteoporosis | 13.6 (10.9 to 16.9) | 9.1 (6.5 to 12.7) | 9.9 (6.1 to 15.4) | 3.3 (2.7 to 4.1) | < 0.001 |
aHispanic was defined as Mexican American or other Hispanic
COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, NHANES National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey