Table 3.
Adjusted prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals for comorbidities in participants with COPD aged 40–79, U.S. NHANES 2007–2012 and Korea NHANES 2007–2015a
| U.S. NHANES | Korea NHANES | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-Hispanic White (n = 944) | Non-Hispanic Black (n = 324) | Hispanicb (n = 227) | Korean (n = 3808) | |
| Asthma | Reference | 1.23 (0.92 to 1.65) | 1.05 (0.72 to 1.53) | 0.56 (0.43 to 0.72) |
| Cardiovascular disease | ||||
| Hypertension | Reference | 1.36 (1.23 to 1.51) | 1.03 (0.89 to 1.20) | 0.88 (0.81 to 0.95) |
| Dyslipidemia | Reference | 0.83 (0.72 to 0.96) | 0.86 (0.73 to 1.00) | 0.68 (0.63 to 0.73) |
| Stroke | Reference | 2.01 (1.16 to 3.47) | 0.47 (0.14 to 1.61) | 0.69 (0.45 to 1.06) |
| Myocardial infarction | Reference | 0.66 (0.39 to 1.12) | 0.86 (0.49 to 1.53) | 0.21 (0.14 to 0.33) |
| Diabetes mellitus | Reference | 1.76 (1.34 to 2.31) | 1.64 (1.18 to 2.29) | 1.11 (0.90 to 1.38) |
| Anemia | Reference | 3.82 (2.42 to 6.04) | 2.18 (1.23 to 3.86) | 1.31 (0.90 to 1.91) |
| Musculoskeletal disease | ||||
| Osteoarthritis | Reference | 0.95 (0.82 to 1.10) | 0.81 (0.65 to 1.01) | 0.35 (0.30 to 0.40) |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | Reference | 1.83 (1.16 to 2.89) | 1.40 (0.85 to 2.31) | 0.31 (0.20 to 0.50) |
| Osteoporosis | Reference | 0.68 (0.45 to 1.03) | 0.74 (0.46 to 1.20) | 0.22 (0.16 to 0.32) |
aAdjusted for age, sex, BMI group (underweight, normal, overweight, or obese using World Health Organization criteria for the U.S. population and Asian criteria for the Korean population), and smoking status (current, former, or never)
bHispanic was defined as Mexican American or other Hispanic
COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, NHANES National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey