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. 2018 Aug 17;29(10):2563–2573. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2018040344

Table 3.

Cox proportional hazards models for time to CKD progression and mortality

Progression to CKD Stage 5
Unadjusted CKD Stage 3a Adjusted CKD Stage 3b Adjusted CKD Stage 3, Only Patients Referred to Nephrologyc Adjusted, Death as Competing Risk, CKD3d
Non-Hispanic white — — — —
Non-Hispanic black 5.09 (4.88 to 5.31) 2.60 (2.48 to 2.72) 1.64 (1.56 to 1.73) 2.64 (2.51 to 2.78)
Hispanic white 3.26 (3.04 to 3.50) 2.50 (2.33 to 2.68) 2.13 (1.96 to 2.31) 2.57 (2.37 to 2.77)
Hispanic black 4.22 (3.24 to 5.49) 2.97 (2.28 to 3.87) 2.11 (1.60 to 2.77) 2.75 (2.02 to 3.73)
Unadjusted CKD Stage 4a Adjusted CKD Stage 4b Adjusted CKD Stage 4, Only Patients Referred to Nephrologyc Adjusted, Death as Competing Risk, CKD Stage 4d
Non-Hispanic white — — — —
Non-Hispanic black 2.70 (2.60 to 2.81) 1.85 (1.77 to 1.93) 1.59 (1.51 to 1.68) 1.89 (1.80 to 1.99)
Hispanic white 2.07 (1.93 to 2.21) 1.79 (1.67 to 1.92) 1.64 (1.51 to 1.77) 1.77 (1.64 to 1.90)
Hispanic black 2.52 (1.99 to 3.21) 1.75 (1.30 to 2.35) 1.37 (0.96 to 1.96)e 1.74 (1.32 to 2.30)
Progression to Doubling of Creatinine, CKD Stage 5, Dialysis, or Renal Transplantation Composite Outcome
Unadjusted CKD Stage 3a Adjusted CKD Stage 3b Adjusted CKD Stage 3, Only Patients Referred to Nephrologyc Adjusted, Death as Competing Risk, CKD Stage 3d
Non-Hispanic white — — — —
Non-Hispanic black 2.43 (2.38 to 2.48) 1.72 (1.68 to 1.76) 1.48 (1.38 to 1.57) 1.74 (1.69 to 1.78)
Hispanic white 1.99 (1.92 to 2.06) 1.74 (1.68 to 1.81) 1.87 (1.70 to 2.06) 1.79 (1.72 to 1.86)
Hispanic black 2.59 (2.27 to 2.95) 2.06 (1.81 to 2.35) 1.83 (1.38 to 2.42) 2.14 (1.87 to 2.46)
Unadjusted CKD Stage 4a Adjusted CKD Stage 4b Adjusted CKD Stage 4, Only Patients Referred to Nephrologyc Adjusted, Death as Competing Risk, CKD Stage 4d
Non-Hispanic white — — — —
Non-Hispanic black 2.31 (2.23 to 2.40) 1.68 (1.62 to 1.75) 1.37 (1.30 to 1.44) 1.84 (1.76 to 1.93)
Hispanic white 1.91 (1.81 to 2.03) 1.70 (1.60 to 1.81) 1.44 (1.34 to 1.56) 1.78 (1.66 to 1.90)
Hispanic black 2.36 (1.91 to 2.92) 1.74 (1.35 to 2.23) 1.68 (1.36 to 2.09) 1.69 (1.31 to 2.18)
Mortality
Unadjusted CKD Stage 3e Adjusted CKD Stage 3f Adjusted CKD Stage 3, Only Patients Referred to Nephrologyg
Non-Hispanic white — — —
Non-Hispanic black 1.01 (0.99 to 1.02)e 1.03 (1.01 to 1.04) 1.00 (0.96 to 1.03)e
Hispanic white 1.02 (0.99 to 1.04)e 0.96 (0.94 to 0.98) 1.15 (1.08 to 1.21)
Hispanic black 1.22 (1.11 to 1.33) 1.05 (0.96 to 1.15)e 1.37 (1.12 to 1.67)
Unadjusted CKD Stage 4 Adjusted CKD Stage 4f Adjusted CKD Stage 4, Only Patients Referred to Nephrologyg
Non-Hispanic white — — —
Non-Hispanic black 0.78 (0.75 to 0.80) 0.89 (0.86 to 0.92) 0.92 (0.89 to 0.96)
Hispanic white 0.95 (0.91 to 0.99)e 0.97 (0.92 to 1.01)e 0.98 (0.91 to 1.04)e
Hispanic black 0.97 (0.82 to 1.15)e 0.99 (0.82 to 1.19)e 1.04 (0.80 to 1.36)e

All results are reported as hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) unless otherwise indicated. All P values were <0.001 unless otherwise indicated. —, reference group.

a

Unadjusted; death-censored.

b

Adjusted for model 1: age, sex, entry eGFR, median BP, median body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, congestive heart failure, depression, hemiplegia, dementia, liver disease, chronic lung disease, malignancy, alcohol abuse, drug abuse, hepatitis C, smoking status, marital status, service connection, socioeconomic status, distance to Veterans Affairs medical center, clustered by medical center, using multiple imputation for missing data; death-censored.

c

Adjusted for model 1, and duration of CKD, restricted to individuals who had a nephrology visit, followed from the date of the nephrology visit; death-censored.

d

Adjusted for model 1, addressing death as a competing risk; reported as subhazard ratio (95% confidence interval).

e

P value NS.

f

Adjusted for model 1: age, sex, entry eGFR, median BP, median body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, congestive heart failure, depression, hemiplegia, dementia, liver disease, chronic lung disease, malignancy, alcohol abuse, drug abuse, hepatitis C, smoking status, marital status, service connection, socioeconomic status, distance to Veterans Affairs medical center, clustered by medical center, using multiple imputation for missing data.

g

Adjusted for model 1, and duration of CKD, restricted to individuals who had a nephrology visit, followed from the date of the nephrology visit.