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Effects of gypenosides on interleukin-1β (IL-1β)(A), interleukin-6 (IL-6)(B), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)(C), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)(D), and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB)(E) concentrations in the brains after lipopolysaccharide injection. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs. SAL group; #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01 vs. LPS group.
