Table 3.

Growth factors supplemented to media culture of DPSCs

Growth factor(s)	Conditions	Results	References
EGF and PDGF-BB (concentration not specified)	α-MEM, 2% FBS, dexamethasone and ITS	Enhanced proliferation of DPSCs maintaining a stable karyotype beyond 65 population doublings without exhibiting signs of spontaneous differentiation	[45]
100 µg/ml ETF	DMEM with 1% ITS-X	DPSCs and SHEDs exhibited higher survival and proliferation rates compared with other combinations of growth factors during expansion, although was not compared with FBS. Surface marker expression was comparable to FBS	[58]
10 ng/ml EGF, 10 ng/ml PDGF-BB	α-MEM, 2% FBS, L-glutamine, ascorbic acid-2-phosphate, dexamethasone	Enhanced initial cell adhesion of primary culture compared to serum free-media, but cell recovery was lower than FBS; DPSCs expressed several stem cell-associated markers similar to FBS medium, except CD146 and α-SMA	[30]
1000 units/ml LIF, 10 ng/ml EGF, 10 ng/ml PDGF-BB	60% DMEM low glucose, 40% MCDB-201, 2% FBS, ITS, LA-BSA, ascorbic acid-2-phosphate, BSA, β-ME, dexamethasone, chemically defined lipid concentrate	Allowed the isolation of a heterogeneous population containing DPPSCs and favored long-term expansion after 65 passages maintaining a stable karyotype	[33, 44]
10 ng/ml EGF, 25 ng/ml bFGF	DMEM/F12, glucose, Hepes, N2 supplement, heparin	This medium was used for culturing of adherent (ADH)-DPSCs and non-ADH DPSCs; comparison of medium without growth factors was not performed	[66]
EGF and IGF-1 (concentration not specified)	EBM2, 10% FBS	Isolation of a highly proliferative DPSCs population, although comparison of medium without growth factors was not performed	[35]
10 µg/ml PDGF-ββ, 100 µg/ml EGF, 100 µg/ml IGF-1 and 100 µg/ml bFGF	F-12 Coon’s and Ambesi’s modified:Medium 199: CMRL166 with 1.25% HS	Enhanced proliferation when combined with low levels of HS displaying a similar expression of cell markers compared to FBS	[72]