Fig. 4.

Anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of the engineered M13 phage on the EPCs. A After treatment with the engineered M13 phage for 24 h, the expression of the anti-oxidant enzymes peroxiredoxin I (PRX I) and PRX II in the EPCs was confirmed by western blot analysis. B After the EPCs were incubated in hypoxic conditions for 48 h, the activation of the apoptosis-mediated MAPKs JNK and p38 was assessed by western blot analysis. C After the EPCs were incubated in hypoxic conditions for 48 h, the levels of MCP-1 were assessed by western blot analysis. D–F EPCs treated with the engineered M13 phage were transplanted into the ischemic region of a murine hindlimb ischemia model. At postoperative day 3, the ischemic thigh tissues were subjected to immunofluorescent staining to detect PRX I, PRX II, and MCP-1 (green). The nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Scale bar = 50 μm. (Color figure online)