Fig. 2.

Effects of remifentanil treatment on osteoclastogenesis. A BMMs were cultured with M-CSF alone or with M-CSF plus RANKL (osteoclastogenic medium) and remifentanil for 4 days. The number of TRAP-positive multinucleated osteoclasts was determined in each group. B Treating BMMs which were cultured with RANKL with remifentanil decreased the number and size of osteoclasts (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001). BMMs bone marrow-derived macrophages, M-CSF macrophage-colony stimulating factor, RANKL receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand, TRAP tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase