Table 1.
Reported regulatory roles of immune cell‐ and tumor cell‐derived exosomes
| CTL induction | NK cell activation | Th1 cell induction | Treg cell induction | Tumor cell lysis | Tumor progressiona | Ref | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Immature DC exo | ↑ | ↑ | 2, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 | ||||
| Mature DC exo | ↑ | ↑ | 2, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 | ||||
| Treg cell exo | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | 3, 4, 20 | |||
| NK cell exo | ↑ | 5 | |||||
| CD8+ T‐cell exo | ↓↑ | 6, 24 | |||||
| Tumor cell exo | ↓ | ↓ | ↑ | 7, 8, 9, 25, 26, 27 |
a
Tumor progression includes tumor invasion and metastasis. ↑promotion ↓inhibition.
DC, dendritic cell; exo, exosome; NK, natural killer; Th, T helper; Treg, regulatory T.