Table 1.
Characteristics for Total Sample
| Total Sample N = 341 |
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|---|---|---|
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| Demographic Variables | M/n | SD/% |
| Age | 28.61 | 6.06 |
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| Race/Ethnicity | ||
| African American | 199 | 58.0 |
| Hispanic/Latina | 75 | 21.9 |
| White/Non-Hispanic/Latina | 50 | 14.6 |
| Other | 17 | 5.0 |
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| Education | ||
| High School or Less | 128 | 37.3 |
| Some college | 138 | 40.2 |
| College degree or Higher | 75 | 22.9 |
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| Employment | ||
| Unemployed | 91 | 26.5 |
| Part-Time/Multiple Jobs | 88 | 25.7 |
| Full-Time | 162 | 47.2 |
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| Annual Income | ||
| < $10,000 | 122 | 35.6 |
| $10,000–$39,999 | 132 | 38.5 |
| > $40,000–$59,999 | 80 | 23.3 |
| Don’t Know | 7 | 2.0 |
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| Pain Location at ED Visit | ||
| Abdomen | 181 | 53.1 |
| Back | 30 | 8.8 |
| Chest | 79 | 23.2 |
| a Other | 51 | 15 |
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| Suspected Cause of Pain Complaint at ED Visit | ||
| Infectious Disease Process | 114 | 33.4 |
| Musculoskeletal | 52 | 15.2 |
| Genital-Related | 22 | 6.5 |
| Gastrointestinal-Related | 17 | 5.1 |
| Nonspecific/Undetermined Cause | 94 | 27.6 |
| Combination/Multiple Etiologies | 16 | 4.7 |
| b Other | 24 | 7.5 |
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| Primary Study Variables | M | SD |
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| PTSD Symptoms | ||
| PCL-5 Total Score (Range = 0–80) | 17.06 | 15.93 |
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| Latent Variables | M | SD |
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| Vulnerability | ||
| Resource Loss Total Score (Range = 0–33) | 8.10 | 6.80 |
| PROMIS-4, Depression Scale Total Score (Range = 4–20) | 7.39 | 3.96 |
| Social Undermining Total Score (Range = 7–35) | 15.40 | 6.02 |
| Resilience | ||
| Optimism Total Score (Range = 0–24) | 15.73 | 4.154 |
| Engagement Total Score (Range = 0–48) | 31.16 | 8.57 |
| Social Support Total Score (Range = 0–20) | 15.05 | 4.33 |
| Pain | ||
| Pain Intensity (Range = 0–10) | 5.29 | 3.01 |
| Pain Interference (Range = 0–32) | 14.00 | 8.88 |
a
Other locations of pain upon presentation to ED: Neck = 9; Shoulder = 3; Pelvis = 20; Combination/Multiple Sites = 18.
b
Other suspected causes of acute pain complaint at ED visit: Metabolic = 4; Inflammatory = 4; Surgical = 3; Toxicology = 1; Neuro-Related = 1; Psychiatric = 6; Cardiac/Pulmonary = 5; Hematologic = 1.