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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Diabetes. 2018 Jun 10;10(11):886–895. doi: 10.1111/1753-0407.12780

Figure 1. Upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the spinal dorsal horn of diabetic monkeys.

Figure 1

The mRNA expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, TNFα, and IFNγ in the spinal dorsal horn (A, B) and thalamus (C, D) were evaluated with RT-qPCR using the comparative CT method (2−ΔCT). Basal mRNA expression levels of these cytokines relative to β-actin (ACTB) in the non-diabetic group are shown in A and C. Fold changes of mRNA expression levels in the type 2 diabetic group compared to that in the non-diabetic control group are shown in B and D. Each value is presented as the mean ± SEM (n=6–7). *P < 0.05 vs. non-diabetic.