Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Diabetes. 2018 Jun 10;10(11):886–895. doi: 10.1111/1753-0407.12780

Figure 5. Expression of growth factors in the spinal dorsal horn and thalamus of diabetic monkeys.

Figure 5

The mRNA expression levels of CSF1, BDNF, NGF, VEGF, GDNF, and TGFβ1 in the spinal dorsal horn (A, B) and thalamus (C, D) were evaluated with RT-qPCR using the comparative CT method (2−ΔCT). The basal mRNA expression levels of these growth factors relative to β-actin (ACTB) in the non-diabetic group are shown in A and C. Fold changes of mRNA expression levels in the type 2 diabetic group compared to those in the non-diabetic control group are shown in B and D. Each value is presented as the mean ± SEM (n=6–7).