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. 2018 Oct 4;9:4076. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-06622-2

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Hygroscopic growth and CCN activity of secondary organic material derived from the photooxidation of the anthropogenic compounds toluene and dodecane. a Mass-based hygroscopic growth factors measured as a function of relative humidity. Dashed lines show modeled results using constant values of κ based on the experimental data. b s_c–d_m,dry data measured for SOM particles derived from photooxidation of toluene and dodecane. Dashed lines show the predicted CCN activity based on the average values of κ measured at subsaturation. c Hygroscopicity parameter κ_HGF calculated from results shown in a. d Effective hygroscopicity parameter κ_CCN calculated based on the size-resolved CCN measurements for the surface tension of water