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. 2018 Oct 4;8:14801. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-32827-y

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Overview of the MIM sensor. (a) Mock-up view: a Rogers 4003c substrate is sandwiched between a top conductive signal layer and a bottom metallic ground plane. Chemical sample in the liquid phase enters the channels from the inlet port, shifting its resonant frequency from f₀ to f ′ due to the change of electric field distribution. (b) Exploded views: the microfluidic flow-channel is formed inside the substrate by adopting craft-cutting technology and an adhesive. (c) A photograph of our metamaterial sensor taken with a background of Chongqing University logo to show its small dimension. Inset: local enlarged optical image of the resonator near the transmission line.