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. 2018 Oct 4;8:14801. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-32827-y

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Measured results from the MIM sensor. Measured S₂₁ for ethanol with different concentrations in channel A (a) and channel B (d), from 0% (DI water 100%) to 100%. (b) Corresponding resonant frequency, resonant frequency shift, (c) Q factor and resonant amplitude at different concentrations in channel A. (e) Corresponding resonant frequency, resonant frequency shift, (f) Q factor and resonant amplitude at different concentrations in channel B. Complex permittivity of binary ethanol-water mixtures at (g) 8.1 GHz (channel A) and (h) 6.6 GHz (channel B). The values are taken from reference 37 using linear curve-fitting of ORIGIN software. The Q factor is defined as f₀/∆f_3dB, where ∆f_3dB is the +3 dB bandwidth of the minimum value of S21.