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. 2018 Oct 4;8:14848. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-33114-6

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effects of light pulses on the circadian phase at two different circadian times in Adar2-KO mice. (a) Representative double-plotted actograms of wheel-running activity. The area with gray shading indicates the dark period. The light pulses (30 min, 300 lux) indicated by yellow stars were given first at CT22 and subsequently given at CT14. The red and green lines indicate the onset of activity used to calculate phase-advance and phase-delay of locomotor activity rhythms, respectively. (b,c) Phase-shift induced by a light pulse given at CT22 (b) or CT14 (c) (mean ± s.e.m.; n.s. P ≥ 0.05, *P < 0.05 by Student’s t-test). The numbers of animals are indicated in parentheses.