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. 2018 Sep 28;6:125. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00125

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Copyright © 2018 Parashar and Satyanarayana.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Adaptations of acidophilic microbes in acidic environments. (a) membranes are characterized by the presence of tetraether lipids which are less susceptible to acid hydrolysis (b) Presence of putative proton efflux system that includes secondary transporters ATPases, antiporters and symporters (c) high number of putative cation transporters, possibly involved in the generation of Donnan potential (d) carry genes encoding the enzymes of organic acid degradation (e) contain cytoplasmic buffering molecules which have capacity to sequester protons (f) presence of heat shock proteins/chaperones and quick DNA repair system.