Figure 3.

Anti-inflammatory effects of GB and GK in OGD astrocytes. Primary astrocytes were exposed to OGD for 3 h. At the beginning of re-oxygenation, GB and GK (30 µg/ml, dissolved in DMSO) were added. The same volume of DMSO was added as a control. Following 24 h, the supernatants were collected for ELISA assay, and the cells were collected for western blotting. (A) The protein expression of p-NF-κB/p65 and Nlrp3 by western blot, and (B) the concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α by ELISA. Semi-quantitative results are presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean, and analyzed from three independent experiments with similar results. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 and ***P<0.001, as indicated. GB, ginkgolide B; GK, ginkgolide K; OGD, oxygen-glucose deprivation; p-, phosphorylated; NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB; Nlrp3, NLR family pyrin domain containing 3; IL-, interleukin; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide.