Table 1.

Nine miRNAs are elevated by dystrophy and respond to both drugs in the discovery set of diaphragm muscle

miRNA	WT, %	Mdx, %	Pred, %	Vam, %	miRNA Function Disease Associations	Sources
142-5p	43 ± 20**	100 ± 23	44 ± 11**	61 ± 23*	DC homeostasis; resolution of acute inflammation/IBD, Alzheimer’s, LGMD2D, DMD	14, 40, 44, 59, 75
142-3p	49 ± 19***	100 ± 10	50 ± 13***	65 ± 20**	Innate immunity; DC homeostasis; resolution of acute inflammation/SLE, LGMD2B/2D, DMD	18, 28, 44, 59
146a	56 ± 10***	100 ± 20	39 ± 6***	52 ± 12***	Stages inflammation/IBD, LGMD2A/2B, Myositis, MM, wasting, HF, MG, Alzheimer’s, MS	9, 15, 34, 36, 39, 49, 51, 68, 71
301a	81 ± 15*	100 ± 11	70 ± 18*	77 ± 12*	NF-κB positive feedback loop/IBD	21, 35
324-3p	75 ± 17*	100 ± 19	71 ± 14*	75 ± 13*	Induces and activates NF-κB/IBD	6, 13, 21
455-5p	61 ± 11*	100 ± 17	64 ± 30*	64 ± 15*	TGF-β Signaling/FSHD, LGMD2A, nemaline myopathy	15, 67
455-3p	63 ± 21*	100 ± 24	62 ± 18*	61 ± 14*	Innate immunity; cartilage development/IBD, Alzheimer’s	32, 50, 74, 82
497	72 ± 12*	100 ± 22	49 ± 11***	65 ± 11**	NF-κB feedback mechanism via IKKβ	42
652	66 ± 18*	100 ± 30	62 ± 14*	64 ± 18*	Inflammatory signals in immune cells	61

Values are expressed as % expression in comparison to mdx vehicle. DC, dendritic cell; DMD, Duchenne muscular dystrophy; FSHD, facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy; HF, heart failure; IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; LGMD2D, limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2D; MG, myasthenia gravis; MM, Miyoshi myopathy; MS, multiple sclerosis; NF-κB, an inflammatory transcription factor named nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; Pred, prednisolone; SLE, systemic sclerosis; TGF, transforming growth factor; Vam, vamorolone; WT, wild type.

^*P ≤ 0.05, *P ≤ 0.005, ***P ≤ 0.0005.

ANOVA with post hoc comparison to mdx vehicle.