Fig. 2.

The effects of ASE are detectable independent of smoking history. The distribution of genes either significantly increased (ASE Geneset Up) or significantly decreased (ASE Geneset Down) from Fig. 1 was examined in a list of all genes ranked by the difference in expression between baseline and post-ASE samples in participants with A: <2 pack-year (PY) of lifetime smoking exposure (n = 15); B: 2–20 PY of lifetime smoking exposure (n = 21); C: >20 PY of lifetime smoking exposure (n = 27). Both gene sets were significantly enriched in all three ranked lists (each q < 0.001), and the enrichment scores are similar independent of lifetime smoking exposure.