Table 2.

Overall results from the study

	Entire Cohort			Men Only
Measure	Edema/folds	No edema/folds	F, P value	No edema/folds	F, P value
Preflight weight, kg	89.5 ± 10.5	77.9 ± 11.4	9.0, 0.005	83.3 ± 7.3	4.2, 0.05
Height, cm	177.1 ± 5.5	173.7 ± 6.4	2.5, 0.12	175.8 ± 6.0	0.4, 0.54
Axilla height, cm	132.7 ± 3.8	126.7 ± 21.8	0.4, 0.51	126.6 ± 26.3	0.3, 0.58
Circumference, cm
Waist	92.6 ± 8.1	83.6 ± 9.1	8.8, 0.005	88.0 ± 5.3	4.1, 0.05
Chest	107.9 ± 6.7	99.4 ± 8.5	9.3, 0.004	103.1 ± 6.4	4.3, 0.05
Head	59.0 ± 1.7	58.0 ± 2.8	1.9, 0.17	58.5 ± 2.5	0.3, 0.60
Neck	40.6 ± 2.9	38.9 ± 3.6	2.2, 0.15	40.5 ± 2.2	0.02, 0.90
Arc, cm
Bitragion-coronal	32.5 ± 2.2	32.1 ± 4.2	0.05, 0.82	32.5 ± 4.8	0.0, 0.98
Bitragion-inion	22.2 ± 1.7	23.0 ± 5.5	1.3, 0.26	24.3 ± 5.6	1.4, 0.25
Sagittal arch, cm	35.1 ± 3.5	36.5 ± 4.0	1.1, 0.31	36.4 ± 2.0	2.0, 0.17
Head breadth, cm	15.7 ± 0.8	15.5 ± 0.5	0.8, 0.38	15.6 ± 0.4	0.05, 0.82
Head length, cm	20.4 ± 0.7	20.0 ± 1.3	1.2, 0.29	20.4 ± 1.3	0.02, 0.89

Values are means ± SD. Body weight, waist circumference, and chest circumference were significantly greater in astronauts who developed disk edema or choroidal folds. This was still true for male astronauts when their data were analyzed separately.