Table 1:
Earnings gain | Crime reduction |
Lower welfare use |
Remedial education savings |
Improved health |
Child abuse and neglect |
Child care cost savings |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Study | Maternal | Intergene- rational |
Children | ||||||
State and District Programs | |||||||||
Kay et al. (2014) | ✓* | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||
Kay et al. (2015)a |
✓* | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||
Cascio et al. (2013) | ✓* | ||||||||
Bartik et al. (2012) Full-day Program |
✓* | ||||||||
Bartik et al. (2012) Half-day Program |
✓* | ||||||||
Federal Head Start | |||||||||
Kay et al. (2014) | ✓* | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||
Kay et al. (2015)a |
✓* | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||
Duncan (2013) |
✓* | ||||||||
Model Programs | |||||||||
Barnett et al. (2007) | ✓* | ✓ | ✓* | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓* | ✓* | |
Heckman et al. (2010) | ✓ | ✓* | ✓* | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||
Reynolds et al. (2011) | ✓* | ✓* | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Major benefit driver
Written communication, N. Kay, WSIPP, May 2015