Table 1.
ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from rivers and lakes in the Northwest China
| Sampling sites | Isolates No. | PG | Antimicrobial resistance profiles | β-lactamase genes | PMQR genes | Virulence genes | MLST |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hei River | HH1609014 | B1 | AMP AMC TIM CEP CTX CEX FOX TEC GEM AMK SXT | CTX-M-14 | fyuA, traT | ST155 | |
| HH1510025 | B2 | AMP CEP TPH GEM SXT | TEM-1, SHV-12 | qnrB | ST1587 | ||
| Ying Lake | YH1507022 | A | AMP AMC TIM CEP CTX CAZ CEX FOX TEC TPH NAC CIP SXT | TEM-1, CTX-M-14 | aac(6′)-Ib-cr | traT, papC, chuA | ST617 |
| YH1606032 | A | AMP AMC TIM CEP CTX CAZ CEX FOX TEC NAC CIP GEM AMK SXT | CTX-M-14 | aac(6′)-Ib-cr | afa/dra, PAI | ST44 | |
| YH1607018 | D | AMP AMC TIM CEP CAZ TEC TPH GEM AMK | TEM-1, SHV-12 | traT, chuA | ST2148 | ||
| Xianyang Lake | XY1608045 | B2 | AMP AMC TIM CEP CTX CAZ TEC TPH NAC CIP GEM AMK SXT | CTX-M-14 | aac(6′)-Ib-cr | traT, iutA | ST602 |
| XY1605044 | D | AMP AMC TIM CEP CAZ CEX FOX TEC | CTX-M-14 | ST393 | |||
| XY1605033 | D | AMP AMC TIM CEP CEX TEC NAC CIP SXT | TEM-1, SHV-12 | qnrB, aac(6′)-Ib-cr | traT, chuA | ST393 | |
| XY1507042 | E | AMP AMC CTX CAZ TPH NAC CIP | TEM-1, SHV-12 | fyuA, traT | ST1301 | ||
| Qishui River | QS1608021 | A | AMP AMC TIM CEP CTX CEX FOX TEC NAC CIP SXT | TEM-1, CTX-M-1 | aac(6′)-Ib-cr | estA | ST10 |
| QS1607026 | A | AMP AMC TIM CEP CTX CAZ TEC NAC CIP GEM SXT | CTX-M-9 | traT, chuA | ST4429 | ||
| QS1608034 | B2 | AMP AMC TIM CEP CEX FOX TEC TPH NAC CIP SXT | CTX-M-9 | qnrB, qnrS | traT, chuA | ST331 | |
| QS1610030 | C | AMP AMC TIM CEP CEX TEC TPH NAC CIP | TEM-1, SHV-12 | qnrB, aac(6′)-Ib-cr | estA | ST23 | |
| East Lake | EH1507029 | A | AMP AMC CTX CAZ TEC NAC CIP SXT | CTX-M-1 | qnrB, aac(6′)-Ib-cr | ST10 | |
| EH1607033 | A | AMP AMC TIM CTX CAZ CEX FOX TEC SXT | CTX-M-14 | aac(6′)-Ib-cr | traT, chuA, papC, | ST10 | |
| EH1607014 | A | AMP AMC TIM CEP CTX CAZ CEX FOX TEC TPH NAC CIP GEM SXT | TEM-1, CTX-M-14 | aac(6′)-Ib-cr | traT, PAI | ST167 | |
| EH1608016 | A | AMP AMC TIM CEP CAZ TEC NAC CIP | SHV-12 | aac(6′)-Ib-cr | ST167 | ||
| Wei River | WH1606023 | A | AMP AMC CEP CEX FOX TEC TPH | TEM-1, SHV-12 | aac(6′)-Ib-cr | fyuA | ST10 |
| WH1508055 | B1 | AMP AMC TIM CTX CAZ TEC NAC CIP GEM AMK SXT | CTX-M-27 | aac(6′)-Ib-cr | traT, afa/dra | ST58 | |
| WH1606078 | D | AMP AMC TIM CEP CEX FOX TEC TPH NAC CIP GEM AMK SXT | CTX-M-14 | qnrS | traT, papC, afa/dra | ST609 | |
| WH1510002 | D | AMP AMC TIM CEP CTX CAZ CEX | CTX-M-9 | qnrB, aac(6′)-Ib-cr | fyuA, traT, papC | ST38 | |
| WH1607120 | E | AMP AMC TIM CEP CTX CAZ TEC NAC CIP GEM AMK SXT | CTX-M-14 | aac(6′)-Ib-cr | traT | ST1301 | |
| Ba River | BA1605012 | A | AMP AMC TIM CEP TEC TPH NAC CIP SXT | TEM-1, SHV-12 | aac(6′)-Ib-cr | ST44 | |
| BA1605022 | B1 | AMP AMC TIM CEP CTX CEX TEC NAC CIP SXT | CTX-M-9, CTX-M-14 | qnrS, aac(6′)-Ib-cr | traT, afa/dra | ST155 | |
| BA1508024 | D | AMP AMC TIM CEP CAZ TEC NAC | TEM-1, SHV-12 | ST4068 | |||
| BA1510031 | D | AMP AMC TIM CEP CTX CAZ CEX FOX TEC TPH SXT | CTX-M-9, CTX-M-14 | traT, papC, sfaS | ST2003 | ||
| BA1509025 | D | AMP AMC TIM CTX CAZ CEX TEC TPH NAC CIP GEM AMK | CTX-M-14, CTX-M-15 | qnrB, aac(6′)-Ib-cr | fyuA, traT, papC | ST69 | |
| BA1509015 | D | AMP AMC TIM CTX CEX FOX TEC TPH | CTX-M-14, CTX-M-15 | qnrS, aac(6′)-Ib-cr | fyuA, iutA | ST405 | |
| Shichuan River | SC1608022 | A | AMP AMC TIM CEP CTX CAZ TEC SXT | SHV-12, CTX-M-123 | traT, chuA | ST93 | |
| SC1506012 | A | AMP AMC TIM CEP CTX CAZ CEX FOX TEC TPH NAC SXT | CTX-M-14 | ST746 | |||
| SC1507014 | A | AMP AMC TIM CEP CTX CAZ CEX FOX TEC NAC CIP SXT | TEM-3, CTX-M-123 | aac(6′)-Ib-cr | traT, papC, hlyD | ST2376 | |
| SC1604029 | B1 | AMP AMC TIM CEX FOX TEC TPH NAC CIP GEM AMK | TEM-1, SHV-12 | qnrS, aac(6′)-Ib-cr | ST155 | ||
| SC1607063 | B2 | AMP AMC TIM CEP CTX CEX FOX MEM TEC TPH NAC CIP GEM AMK SXT | CTX-M-15, CTX-M-123 | qnrS, aac(6′)-Ib-cr | fyuA, traT, papC | ST131 | |
| SC1608102 | B2 | AMP AMC TIM CEP CTX CAZ CEX TIC TPH NAC | TEM-1, SHV-2 | fyuA | ST95 | ||
| SC1610005 | D | AMP AMC TIM CEP CTX CEX FOX TEC NAC CIP GEM AMK SXT | TEM-1, SHV-12, CTX-M-15 | qnrS, aac(6′)-Ib-cr | estA | ST38 | |
| SC1609081 | D | AMP AMC TIM CEP CTX CEX TEC NAC CIP GEM SXT | TEM-1, CTX-M-14 | qnrB, aac(6′)-Ib-cr | estA | ST405 | |
| Xiaowei River | XW1608112 | A | AMP AMC TIM CEP CTX CEX FOX TEC TPH NAC CIP GEM AMK SXT | TEM-1, SHV-12 | qnrB, aac(6′)-Ib-cr | iutA, afa/dra | ST10 |
| XW1608047 | A | AMP AMC TIM CEP CTX CAZ CEX FOX TEC NAC SXT | TEM-1, SHV-12, CTX-M-14 | ST44 | |||
| XW1609034 | B1 | AMP AMC TIM CEP CTX CAZ CEX TEC TPH NAC CIP SXT | CTX-M-14, CTX-M-65 | qnrS | fyuA, PAI | ST75 | |
| XW1608023 | B2 | AMP AMC TIM CEP CTX CEX TEC TPH NAC | TEM-1, SHV-2 | traT, chuA | ST95 | ||
| XW1607012 | B2 | AMP AMC TIM CEP CTX CAZ CEX FOX TEC TPH NAC CIP SXT | CTX-M-9, CTX-M-14, CTX-M-123 | aac(6′)-Ib-cr | fyuA, traT, iutA | ST12 | |
| XW1607055 | B2 | AMP AMC TIM CEP CTX CAZ FOX TEC TPH NAC CIP SXT | CTX-M-14 | ST2855 | |||
| XW1609057 | D | AMP AMC TIM CEP CTX CAZ TEC TPH SXT | TEM-1, SHV-12 | ST5164 | |||
| XW1608026 | D | AMP AMC TIM CEP CTX CAZ CEX FOX TEC NAC CIP GEM AMK SXT | CTX-M-1 | aac(6′)-Ib-cr | traT, hlyD | ST3880 | |
| XW1607034 | D | AMP AMC TIM CEP CTX CAZ CEX FOX TEC NAC CIP SXT | CTX-M-14, CTX-M-123 | aac(6′)-Ib-cr | fyuA, traT | ST38 | |
| XW1609038 | D | AMP AMC TIM CEP CTX CEX FOX MEM TEC NAC CIP GEM AMK SXT | CTX-M-15 | qnrB, aac(6′)-Ib-cr | traT, iutA, papC | ST69 | |
| XW1608041 | D | AMP AMC CEP CTX CEX TEC TPH NAC CIP SXT | TEM-1, SHV-2, CTX-M-14 | traT, chuA | ST609 | ||
| Qixing River | QX1608021 | A | AMP AMC TIM CEP CTX CAZ TEC TPH NAC SXT | TEM-1, SHV-12 | ST10 | ||
| QX1608013 | A | AMP AMC TIM CEP CEX TEC TPH SXT | TEM-1, SHV-12 | aac(6′)-Ib-cr | traT, papC, PAI | ST10 | |
| QX1509072 | A | AMP AMC TIM CEP CTX CAZ FOX TEC NAC GEM AMK SXT | TEM-1, SHV-2 | qnrS, aac(6′)-Ib-cr | estA | ST10 | |
| QX1608015 | A | AMP AMC TIM CEP CTX CEX FOX TEC TPH NAC CIP GEM AMK SXT | CTX-M-9, CTX-M-27 | qnrS | traT, papC | ST3902 | |
| QX1605083 | B1 | AMP AMC TIM CEP CTX CAZ CEX FOX TEC TPH NAC CIP GEM AMK SXT | TEM-1, CTX-M-9, KPC-2 | fyuA, papC, traT | ST3160 | ||
| QX1608005 | B1 | AMP AMC TIM CEP CTX CAZ CEX TEC NAC CIP SXT GEM SXT | CTX-M-14 | qnrB | estA | ST75 | |
| QX1507055 | B2 | AMP AMC TIM CEP CTX CAZ CEX FOX TEC TPH NAC CIP GEM SXT | CTX-M-27 | qnrS | aggR | ST1304 | |
| QX1508112 | B2 | AMP AMC TIM CEP CTX CAZ FOX TEC TPH NAC CIP GEM AMK SXT | TEM-1, SHV-12, CTX-M-9, OXA-2 | qnrB, qnrS, aac(6′)-Ib-cr | traT, iutA, PAI | ST12 | |
| QX1608059 | B2 | AMP AMC CEP CAZ CEX FOX TEC TPH NAC CIP GEM AMK | CTX-M-14, CTX-M-123 | estA | ST2077 | ||
| QX1510043 | C | AMP AMC TIM CEP CTX CAZ CEX FOX TEC NAC CIP GEM SXT | CTX-M-9, CTX-M-14 | aac(6′)-Ib-cr | traT, papC | ST23 | |
| QX1608046 | D | AMP AMC TIM CEP CTX CAZ CEX FOX TEC TPH NAC CIP SXT | CTX-M-14, CTX-M-123, CTX-M-65 | afa/dra, hlyD | ST3880 | ||
| QX1604103 | D | AMP AMC TIM CEP CEX FOX TEC TPH NAC CIP GEM AMK SXT | TEM-1, SHV-2, CTX-M-14, CTX-M-123 | qnrB, aac(6′)-Ib-cr | fyuA, iutA, PAI | ST609 | |
| QX1609108 | D | AMP AMC TIM CEP CTX CAZ CEX FOX MEM TEC TPH NAC CIP SXT | TEM-3, CTX-M-14 | fyuA, afa/dra | ST2148 | ||
| Gaogan Canal | GG1505017 | A | AMP AMC TIM CEP CTX CEX TEC NAC CIP GEM AMK SXT | TEM-1, SHV-2, CTX-M-14 | aac(6′)-Ib-cr | ST10 | |
| GG1509025 | A | AMP AMC TIM CEP CEX TEC TPH GEM AMK SXT | TEM-1, SHV-12, CTX-M-65 | aac(6′)-Ib-cr | estA | ST10 | |
| GG1508074 | B1 | AMP AMC TIM CEP CTX CAZ CEX MEM TEC TPH NAC CIP SXT | TEM-1, SHV-12, CTX-M-9 | aac(6′)-Ib-cr | eae | ST58 | |
| GG1609024 | B1 | AMP AMC TIM CEP CTX CAZ CEX MEM TEC TPH NAC CIP SXT | CTX-M-9, CTX-M-123 | qnrB | traT, papC, afa/dra | ST155 | |
| GG1609158 | B1 | AMP AMC CEP CEX FOX TEC TPH N GEM SXT | TEM-1, SHV-12 | ST1049 | |||
| GG1609019 | B2 | AMP AMC TIM CEP CTX CAZ FOX TEC TPH SXT | CTX-M-9, CTX-M-14 | iutA, afa/dra | ST3252 | ||
| GG1609022 | B2 | AMP AMC TIM CEP CTX CAZ CEX FOX TEC NAC CIP | CTX-M-9, CTX-M-14 | qnrA, aac(6′)-Ib-cr | fyuA, traT, iutA, PAI | ST12 | |
| GG1609068 | B2 | AMP AMC CEP CTX CEX FOX TEC NAC CIP SXT | CTX-M-14, KPC-2, OXA-2 | qnrB, qnrS, aac(6′)-Ib-cr | fyuA, papC, traT, iutA | ST131 | |
| GG1610109 | B2 | AMP AMC TIM CEP CTX CAZ CEX FOX MEM TEC TPH NAC CIP GEM AMK SXT | CTX-M-9, CTX-M-15, CTX-M-123, KPC-2, NDM-1, OXA-2 |
qepA, qnrS, aac(6′)-Ib-cr | fyuA, papC, traT, chuA, iutA | ST131 | |
| GG1609086 | C | AMP AMC TIM CEP CTX CAZ FOX TEC TPH NAC CIP SXT | CTX-M-9, CTX-M-14, CTX-M-123 | qnrS, aac(6′)-Ib-cr | traT, afa/dra, papC, PAI | ST410 | |
| GG1607066 | C | AMP AMC TIM CEP CTX CAZ CEX TEC TPH NAC CIP GEM SXT | TEM-1, SHV-12, CTX-M-123 | qnrB, aac(6′)-Ib-cr | traT, chuA | ST88 | |
| GG1609121 | D | AMP AMC TIM CEP CTX CAZ TEC TPH NAC CIP GEM AMK SXT | CTX-M-15, CTX-M-123 | aac(6′)-Ib-cr | estA | ST38 | |
| GG1609016 | D | AMP AMC TIM CEP CTX CAZ CEX FOX TEC TPH NAC SXT | CTX-M-14, CMY-2 | aac(6′)-Ib-cr | fyuA, traT | ST69 | |
| GG1604028 | D | AMP AMC TIM CTX CEX FOX TEC NAC CIP GEM AMK | CTX-M-14, CTX-M-123 | aac(6′)-Ib-cr | aggR | ST69 | |
| GG1506027 | D | AMP AMC TIM CEP CTX CAZ CEX FOX TEC TPH NAC CIP GEM AMK SXT | CTX-M-9, CTX-M-123, KPC-2, OXA-2 | qnrB, aac(6′)-Ib-cr | fyuA, traT, chuA, iutA | ST405 | |
| GG1608063 | D | AMP AMC TIM CEP CTX CAZ CEX FOX MEM TEC TPH NAC CIP SXT | CTX-M-14, CTX-M-27, CMY-2, OXA-2 | qnrS, aac(6′)-Ib-cr | fyuA, traT, chuA, iutA, PAI | ST405 |
AMP ampicillin, AMC amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, TIM ticarcillin-clavulanic acid, CEP cephalothin, CTX cefotaxime, CAZ ceftazidime, CEX ceftriaxone, FOX cefoxitin, MEM meropenem, TEC tetracycline, TPH thiamphenicol, NAC nalidixic acid, CIP ciprofloxacin, GEN gentamicin, AMK amikacin, SXT sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim