Table 1.
Baseline health and socio-demographic characteristics
| Mean/Percentage | S.D. | |
|---|---|---|
| Outcomes | ||
| Disability (WHODAS 2.0)a | 15.7 | 16.3 |
| Quality of life (WHOQOL)b | 47.4 | 11.8 |
| Main exposure variables | ||
| Multimorbidity | 34.5 | |
| Multimorbidity patterns | ||
| Pattern 1: Cardiopulmonaryc | 14.5 | |
| Pattern 2: Vascular-metabolicd | 68.3 | |
| Pattern 3: Mental-musculoskeletale | 21.5 | |
| Frailty | ||
| Nonfrail | 34.1 | |
| Prefrail | 58.0 | |
| Frail | 7.9 | |
| Covariates | ||
| Age (years) | 63.0 | 10.6 |
| Female | 53.2 | |
| Marital status (with partner) | 73.0 | |
| Education (years) | 5.0 | 4.5 |
| Residence (rural) | 21.2 | |
| Income | 0.09 | 0.41 |
aWHODAS 2.0 (0 = no disability, 100 = total disability); bWHOQOL (0 = worst quality of life, 100 = best quality of life); cPattern 1: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma and angina; dPattern 2: diabetes, hypertension, stroke and cataracts; ePattern 3: arthritis and depression