Nuclear α-Syn is required for inducing genome damage in neurons. A) Immunofluorescence images demonstrating nucleus- or cytoplasm-specific expression of mutant α-Syn vectors containing additional NES or NLS after their transient transfection in SHSY-5Y cells. B) Immunoblotting of cytosolic and nuclear fractions from WT-, NES-, and NLS-α-Syn-expressing SHSY-5Y cells. C, D) Alkaline Comet assay in NLS-, NES-, or WT-α-Syn-expressing cells with or without FeSO4 or CuSO4.