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. 2018 Sep 28;9:1355. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01355

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Copyright © 2018 Zhang, Bidkhori, Benfeitas, Lee, Arif, Uhlén and Mardinoglu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Toy model examples (A,B) showing the principal of ESS. Circles and arrows represent metabolites and reactions, respectively. The value in the ith row and jth column of the blue matrix is 1 if knockout of reaction i and j lead to zero flux OBJ reaction; otherwise it is 0. Diagonal elements (orange) represent single gene essentialities; all others represent double knockouts. The ES for each reaction (red row) is presented in the matrix and mapped to the pathway (right).