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. 2018 Oct 5;2018:bay101. doi: 10.1093/database/bay101

Table 2.

Overview of ontology evaluation approaches

Level Golden standard Application-based Data-driven Assessment by humans
Lexical, vocabulary, concept and data x x x x
Hierarchy and taxonomy x x x x
Other semantic relations x x x x
Context and application x x
Syntactic x x
Structure, architecture and design x