Table 4.

Characteristics of electrical circuits for various wiring configurations of PZTs.

Configuration	Governing Equation	Optimum Resistor		Maximum Power		Peak Voltage
		Harmonic	Opensim	Harmonic	OpenSim	Harmonic	OpenSim
Single PZT	$C_p\frac{dV\left(t\right)}{dt}+\frac{V\left(t\right)}{R}=d_{33}\frac{dF\left(t\right)}{dt}$	Ropt	600 kΩ	P	0.067 mW	Vp	6V
PZTs in series	$C_p\frac{dV\left(t\right)}{dt}+\frac{4V\left(t\right)}{R}=d_{33}\frac{dF\left(t\right)}{dt}$	4Ropt	2400 kΩ	4P	0.268 mW	4Vp	24V
PZTs in parallel	$4C_p\frac{dV\left(t\right)}{dt}+\frac{V\left(t\right)}{R}=d_{33}\frac{dF\left(t\right)}{dt}$	$\frac{R_{opt}}{4}$	150 kΩ	4P	0.268 mW	Vp	6V
Combination of series and Parallel PZTs	$2C_p\frac{dV\left(t\right)}{dt}+\frac{2V\left(t\right)}{R}=d_{33}\frac{dF\left(t\right)}{dt}$	Ropt	600 kΩ	4P	0.268 mW	2Vp	12V