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Schematic showing the hierarchy of arsenic(III, V)-induced metabolic changes in the microalgal cells: (1) Arsenic intake via AQP/hexose and phosphate channels, (2) metal complexation by PC, (3) ROS generation in response to arsenic stress, (4) mitigating ROS stress by modulating protein metabolism, glycolysis, and tricarboxylic acid, and (5) endoplasmic reticulum stress resulting in increase in lipid content.
