Table 1. List of Metabolites Involved in Bioremediation along with Their Respective Chemical Shifts and Their Respective Fold Change as a Consequence of Uptake of Arsenic(III, V) Metal Uptake^a,b.

			relative fold change
metabolite name	assignment	chemical shifts (δ) in ppm	As(III) spiking vs control	As(V) spiking vs control
Amino Acids
valine	γ-CH3	0.98 (d)		4.1
	γ-CH3	1.03 (d)c
proline	γ-CH2	2.00 (m)c	1.3	2.3
	1/2 β-CH2	2.06 (m)
	1/2 β-CH2	2.34 (m)
glutamate	β-CH2	2.11 (m)c	1.7	2.8
	γ-CH2	2.34 (m)
glutamine	β-CH2	2.12 (m)		2.1
	γ-CH2	2.44 (m)c
sacrosine	N–CH3	2.72 (s)		1.3
glycine	α-CH2	3.56 (s)	2.2	3.0
cysteine	β-CH2	3.07 (m)	1.8	2.5
	α-CH	3.97 (dd)c
Organic Acids
glutarate	β,δ-CH2	2.16 (t)		1.4
succinate	α,β-CH2	2.39 (s)		2.2
citrate	1/2 γ-CH2	2.52 (d)c		2.7
	1/2 γ-CH2	2.69 (d)
fumarate	CH	6.51 (s)	3.3	3.3
Carbohydrates/Sugar
sucrose	C10H	3.46 (t)	3.2	4.2
	C12H	3.55 (dd)
	C13H	3.66 (s)
	C11H	3.75 (m)
	C17H and C19H	3.77 (m)
	C5H and C9H	3.81 (dd)
	C4H	4.04 (t)
	C3H	4.21(d)c
	C7H	5.40(d)
α-glucose	C1H	4.63 (d)	2.7	5.1
β-glucose	C1H	5.22 (d)	3.4	5.3
Phosphagen
choline/PC	N–(CH3)3	3.20 (s)	1.9	2.4
GPC	N–(CH3)3	3.22 (s)	1.8	2.2
Osmolytes
glycerol	1/2 γ-CH2	3.63 (d)c	1.3	1.6
	1/2 γ-CH2	3.65 (d)
Nucleotides
ATP	C7H	8.61 (s)c	2.2	2.0
	C12H	8.25 (s)
	C2H	6.13 (d)

^aOne-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to determine significant (p < 0.001) metabolic changes. All differentially expressed metabolites involved in bioremediation pathway of As(III, V) are represented in bold. Metabolites that are specific to As(V) mitigation are marked with bold and italics.

^bAll values of the metabolites were statistically significant with p value 0.001, respectively.

^cMetabolite peak used for evaluating the quantitative difference, as represented here by fold changes.