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. 2018 Oct 5;8:14882. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-33099-2

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Metabolism of Vitamin D3 in 2D and 3D cultures. Formation clearance of 24,25(OH)₂-Vitamin D3 after calcitriol exposure in (A) the previous publication13, (B) HIM-31, and (C) Lonza RPTECs. In the case of the HIM-31 and Lonza RPTECS, formation clearance was compared in 2D and 3D cultures. While a slight induction was observed in 3D HIM-31 cultures, no additional formation was observed in 3D Lonza cultures, and an unexpectedly negative effect was seen in all 2D cultures. Effect of calcitriol on CYP24A1 expression in (D) the previous publication13, and 2D and 3D (E) HIM-31 and (F) Lonza RPTEC cultures after 72 hours of exposure. Expression was normalized to that of GAPDH. (*Indicates significant change in expression relative to vehicle, p < 0.05 2-tailed t-test).