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. 2018 Oct 5;8:14882. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-33099-2

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Polymyxin B toxicity in 2D and 3D cultures of HIM-31 (A–C) and Lonza (D–F) RPTECs. A and D: Cell viability and KIM-1 secretion in vehicle (solid white or black) and polymyxin B (50 μM, hashed white or black) treated (24 and 48 hrs) HIM-31(A) and Lonza (D) RPTECs in 2D (white) and 3D (black) cultures. Asterisks (*) denote statistical difference (p < 0.05, 2-tailed t-test) between groups. B and E: Representative images of calcein (green), ethidium (red), and Hoechst (blue) fluorescent staining in HIM-31(B) and Lonza (E) RPTECs in 2D and 3D that were exposed to polymyxin B (50 μM) for 48 hrs. C and F: Expression of genes involved in acute kidney injury was quantified in HIM-31 (C) and Lonza (F) RPTECs in 2D and 3D. Differentially expressed genes (relative to vehicle for each condition) are denoted with an asterisk (*), and significant differences between 2D and 3D cultures are denoted with an asterisk (*) and a bar.