Table 3.
Summary of long non-coding RNAs biomarkers for TSCC
| Studied biomarkers | Sample Type | Sample size | Significant biomarkersa | Detection method | Expression | Clinical implication | Level of evidence (LoE)a | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group A studies | |||||||||
| lncRNA UCA1 | Tissue | 94 | lncRNA UCA1 | qRT-PCRb | ↑ | Poor prognosis (Increased risk metastasis) | + | 89 | |
| lnc-AL355149.1-1,lnc-PPP2R4-5, lnc-SPRR2D-1, | Tissue | 32 | lnc-AL355149.1-1 | qRT-PCR | ↓ | Advanced T stages | + | ||
| lnc-MBL2-4:3,lnc-MAN1A2-1,lnc-FAM46A-1, lnc-STXBP5-1, and lnc-MBL2-4:1 | lnc-MBL2-4:3 | ↑ | Poor prognosis (Increased risk metastasis) | + | 90 | ||||
| lncRNA MEG3 | Tissue | 76 | lncRNA MEG3 | qRT-PCR | ↓ | Poor Prognosis | + | 91 | |
| lncRNA HOTTIP | Tissue | 86 | lncRNA HOTTIP | qRT-PCR | ↑ | Poor Prognosis | + | 92 | |
| lncRNA NKILA | Tissue | 96 | lncRNA (NKILA) | qRT-PCR | ↓ | Poor prognosis (Increased risk metastasis) | + | 93 | |
| lncRNA TUG1 | Tissue | 27 | lncRNA (TUG1) | qRT-PCR | ↓ | Detection | + | 94 | |
| lncRNA TUC338 | Tissue | 25 | lncRNA TUC338 | qRT-PCR | ↑ | Enhanced proliferation | + | 95 | |
| lnc RNA 152 (LINC00152 | Tissue | 15 | 197 | LINC00152 | qRT-PCR & in situ hybridization | ↑ | Detection & prognosis | + | 96 |
| 18 2 | |||||||||
| lncRNA 673 (LINC00673) | Tissue | 202 | 217 | LINC00673 | qRT-PCR | ↑ | Poor prognosis (Increased risk metastasis) | + | 97 |
| 15 | |||||||||
| Group B studies | |||||||||
| MALAT1 | Tissue & cell lines (CAL27 and SCC-25) | 127 | MALAT1 | qRT-PCR | ↑ | Poor prognosis (Increased risk metastasis) | ++ | 98 | |
| MALAT1 | Tongue cancer cell lines and tissue | 30 | MALAT1 | qRT-PCR | ↑ | Poor prognosis (Increased risk metastasis) | 99 | ||
− no significant association between biomarker and clinical value, + number of studies with statistical significant outcome = 1, ++ number of studies with consistent outcome = 2, +++ number of studies with consistent outcome ≥3, ↑increased, ↓decreased
aOnly significant biomarker(s) used in ranking level of evidence
bqRT-PCR: quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction