Table 1.

Characteristics of Study Participants. Data are mean (standard deviation) or median [interquartile range]

Characteristic	Success	Not-success
Age	26.1 (3.5)	24.9 (3.8)
Race
White	0	0
Black	8 (88.9%)	10 (90.9%)
Hispanic	1 (11.1%)	1 (9.1%)
Body mass index (kg*m2)	30.6 (7.7)	29.9 (6.4)
Parity
Nulliparous	0	0
Primiparous	2 (22.2%)	5 (45.5%)
Multiparous	7 (87.8%)	6 (54.5%)
Gestational age (weeks)	38.1 (2.5)	38.8 (2.4)
Cervical dilation (cm)	4.1 (25–75% Interquartile range 3.5–5)	4.4 (25–75% Interquartile range 3–5)
Baseline visual analogue pain score	7.9 (1.0)	9.2 (1.0)
Any baseline nausea, sedation, or pruritis	0	0