Table 2.
Some examples of in vitro chemotherapy followed by thermotherapy for virus eradication
| Plant species and cultivars or genotypes | Viruses | Antiviral chemicals (mg/L) | Survival of the treated shoots (%) | Survival of shoot tips (%) | Virus-free frequency (%) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Herbaceous crops | ||||||
| Garlic (10 accessions) | OYDV, LYSV, GCLV, shallot latent virus (SLV) and MbFV | Ribavirin (50) | NT | NT | 100 (OYDV, SLV and LYSV), 90 (GLCV) and 88 (MbFV) | [12] |
| Oca (8 accessions), ulluco (5 accessions), arracacha ‘Racacha Blanca’ | Papaya mosaic virus (PapMV), arracacha virus B (AVB) and ullucus mild mottle virus (UMMV) in Oca; PapMV, ullucus virus C (UVC), UMMV, ullucus mosaic virus (UMV) in ulluco; arracacha A virus (AVA) in arracacha | Ribavirin (50) | ≥ 80% | NT | (% not specified) free of viruses in 7 accessions, and still infected with UMMV in one accession in oca, free of viruses in 5 accessions in ulluco, and free of virus in arracacha | [30] |
| Potato ‘Baraka’ | PVY | Ribavirin (20) | NT | NT | 83 | [74] |
| Potato ‘F9-99’ | PLRV and PVY | Ribavirin (20) | 45–85 | NT | 26–60 (PLRV) 98–100 (PVY) |
[49] |
| Potato ‘Diamond’ | PVY | Ribavirin (20) | 26 | NT | 43 | [64] |
| Begonia × semperflorens | PNRSV | Ribavirin (20) | NT | NT | 58 | [63] |
| Chrysanthemum ‘Regol Time’ | Chrysanthemum B virus (CVB) | 2-Thiouracil (40) | NT | NT | 27 | [28] |
| Chrysanthemum ‘Regol Time’ | Tomato aspermy virus (TAV) | Ribavirin (10) | NT | NT | 52 | [91] |
| Herbaceous crops | ||||||
| Cassava ‘Cidade Rica’, ‘Riqueza II’, ‘Mandioca Lagoa’, ‘CM-425/7’, ‘Sabará’, ‘Sauma’ | Cassava frogskin disease (CFSD) and cassava vein mosaic virus (CsVMV) | Tetracycline (5–15) | 100 | NT | 100 (CFSD) 98 (CsVMV) |
[54] |
| Woody plants | ||||||
| Apple ‘JonagoId’, pear ‘Pierre Corneille’, raspberry ‘Norna’ | ACLSV and ASGV in apple, ACLSV in pear and raspberry vein chlorosis virus (RVCV) in raspberry | Ribavirin (50) | 42 (apple), 80 (pear) and 34 (raspberry) | NT | 100 (ACLSV and ASGV in apple), 83 (ACLSV in pear), 89 (RVCV in raspberry) | [71] |
| Apple ‘Xinhongjiangjun’ | ASPV, ASGV and ACLSV | Ribavirin (25) | 90 | 59 (apical shoots) and 100 (axillary shoots) | 94 (apical shoots) 100 (axillary shoots) |
[31] |
| Pear ‘Pierre Corneille’ | ACLSV | Ribavirin (50) | 71 | NT | 90 | [26] |
| Pear ‘Jinshui no. 2’ | ASGV, ACLSV | Ribavirin (25) | 100 | 71 | 100 | [61] |
NT not tested