Table 3.
Some examples of thermotherapy followed by in vitro micrografting or shoot tip cryotherapy for virus eradication
| Methods | Plant species and cultivars or genotypes | Viruses | Size of shoot tips (mm) | Survival of the treated shoots (%) | Success (%) of micrografting or shoot regrowth (%) in cryotherapy | Virus-free frequency (%) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thermotherapy + micrografting | Citrus ‘Early satsuma mandarin’, ‘Yuzu’, ‘Shiranuhi’ | Citrus tristeza virus (CTV), satsuma dwarf virus (SDV), citrus tatter leaf virus (CTLV) | 0.3 | NT | 13–75 | 76 (CTV), 100 (SDV) and 83 (CTLV) | [35] |
| Citrus hybrid ‘Kinnow’ | Indian citrus ringspot virus (ICRSV) | 0.7 | 42 (treatment of nodal segments at 50 °C for 120 min in water bath), 28 (exposure of nodal segments to 50 °C for 120 min of hot air) and NT (exposure of whole plants to 38 °C for 9 days in growth chamber) | 38 (water bath), 26 (hot air) and 40 (growth chamber) | 37 (water bath), 23 (hot air) and 59 (growth chamber) | [36] | |
| Citrus ‘Ehimekashi dai28go’, ‘Setoka’, ‘Shiranuhi’, ‘Haraejosaeng’, ‘Pungkwang’, ‘Samdajosaeng’ | CTV | NS | NT | NT | 100 | [37] | |
| Thermotherapy + cryotherapy | Raspberry genotype ‘Z13’ | Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV) | 1.0 | NT | 30 | 35 | [22] |
| Garlic ‘Jonas’ | OYDV, SYSV and GCLV | NS | NT | 40 | 90 (OYDV) 100 (LYSV) 80 (GCLV) |
[112] | |
| Apple ‘Gala’, ‘Ruixue’, ‘Ruiyang’, ‘Nongguo 25’, ‘Fuji’and ‘M9’ | ASGV | 1.5 | 100 | 33–76 | 30–100 | [23] |
NT not tested, NS not specified