Table 2.
Association between road traffic noise Lden and incidence of overall breast cancer in 22,466 nurses from Danish Nurse Cohort
| Road traffic noise | All breast cancers N = 1193 |
Breast cancer with ER and PR status N = 611 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of cases | Crude modela | Adjusted modelb | Number of cases | Crude modela | Adjusted modelb | |
| HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | |||
| Lden 24 years preceding diagnoses | ||||||
| Linear per 10 dB | 1193 | 1.11 (1.02–1.21)* | 1.10 (1.00–1.20)* | 611 | 1.17 (1.04–1.31)* | 1.17 (1.02–1.33)* |
| Low: < 48 dB | 166 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 80 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Medium 48–58 dB | 675 | 1.24 (1.04–1.47)* | 1.19 (1.00–1.42)* | 352 | 1.35 (1.06–1.73)* | 1.28 (0.99–1.65) |
| High > 58 dB | 352 | 1.35 (1.12–1.62)* | 1.30 (1.07–1.60)* | 179 | 1.45 (1.11–1.89)* | 1.42 (1.06–1.89)* |
| Lden 10 year preceding diagnoses | ||||||
| Linear per 10 dB | 1193 | 1.08 (1.00–1.16)* | 1.06 (0.97–1.15) | 611 | 1.16 (1.04–1.29)* | 1.17 (1.04–1.32)* |
| Low < 48 dB | 195 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 87 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Medium 48–58 dB | 646 | 1.19 (1.02–1.40)* | 1.16 (0.98–1.37) | 343 | 1.43 (1.13–1.81)* | 1.38 (1.08–1.76)* |
| High > 58 dB | 352 | 1.25 (1.05–1.49)* | 1.21 (1.00–1.46)* | 181 | 1.45 (1.13–1.88)* | 1.45 (1.10–1.91)* |
| Lden 1 year at the year of diagnoses | ||||||
| Linear per 10 dB | 1192 | 1.08 (1.01–1.17)* | 1.07 (0.99–1.16) | 610 | 1.15 (1.04–1.27)* | 1.16 (1.04–1.30)* |
| Low < 48 dB | 202 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 98 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Medium 48–58 dB | 644 | 1.25 (1.06–1.46)* | 1.22 (1.03–1.43)* | 333 | 1.34 (1.07–1.68)* | 1.29 (1.03–1.63)* |
| High > 58 dB | 346 | 1.29 (1.09–1.54)* | 1.26 (1.04–1.52)* | 179 | 1.39 (1.09–1.78)* | 1.39 (1.07–1.81)* |
| Lden 1 year at the baseline (1993/99) | ||||||
| Linear per 10 dB | 1193 | 1.05 (.98–1.13) | 1.04 (0.96–1.12) | 611 | 1.11 (1.01–1.23)* | 1.12 (1.00–1.26)* |
| Low < 48 dB | 235 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 110 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Medium 48–58 dB | 648 | 1.17 (1.01–1.36)* | 1.13 (0.97–1.33) | 347 | 1.34 (1.08–1.67)* | 1.29 (1.03–1.62)* |
| High > 58 dB | 310 | 1.20 (1.01–1.42)* | 1.17 0.97–1.41) | 154 | 1.29 (1.01–1.64)* | 1.29 (0.98–1.69) |
Abbreviations: ER Estrogen receptor, PR Progesterone receptor
aCrude model with age as underlying time scale
bModel adjusted for birth cohort, urbanization (urban, provincial, rural), body mass index (underweight, normal, overweight, obese), leisure time physical activity (low, medium, high), alcohol consumption (low, moderate, heavy), age at menarche (≤ 12 years of age, > 12 years of age), parity (nulliparous, parous), number of births, age at first birth, menopausal status (premenopausal, postmenopausal), use of hormone therapy (never, past, current), use of oral contraceptives (never, ever), and smoking status
*p-value<0.05