Table 3.
Associationa between road traffic noise Lden and incidence of breast cancer by ER and PR status in 22,466 nurses with estrogen and progesterone hormone receptor status from the Danish Nurse Cohort
| Breast cancer type by ER status | Breast cancer type by PR status | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of cases | ER+ | Number of cases | ER- | Number of cases | PR+ | Number of cases | PR- | |
| HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | |||||
| 24 years preceding diagnosis | ||||||||
| Linear per 10 dB | 494 | 1.23 (1.06–1.43)* | 117 | 0.93 (0.70–1.25) | 393 | 1.21 (1.02–1.42)* | 218 | 1.10 (0.89–1.37) |
| Low < 48 dB | 58 | 1.00 | 22 | 1.00 | 45 | 1.00 | 35 | 1.00 |
| Medium 48–58 dB | 290 | 1.48 (1.10–1.98)* | 62 | 0.77 (0.46–1.28) | 231 | 1.51 (1.08–2.10)* | 121 | 0.99 (0.67–1.47) |
| High > 58 dB | 146 | 1.59 (1.14–2.20)* | 33 | 0.97 (0.54–1.75) | 117 | 1.66 (1.14–2.40)* | 62 | 1.11 (0.70–1.75) |
| 10 years preceding diagnosis | ||||||||
| Linear per 10 dB | 494 | 1.22 (1.07–1.40)* | 117 | 1.00 (0.76–1.30) | 393 | 1.20 (1.03–1.40)* | 218 | 1.13 (0.92–1.37) |
| Low < 48 dB | 64 | 1.00 | 23 | 1.00 | 51 | 1.00 | 36 | 1.00 |
| Medium 48–58 dB | 279 | 1.55 (1.17–2.05)* | 64 | 0.90 (0.54–1.48) | 223 | 1.55 (1.13–2.12)* | 120 | 1.13 (0.77–1.67) |
| High > 58 dB | 151 | 1.65 (1.20–2.26)* | 30 | 0.89 (0.49–1.61) | 119 | 1.65 (1.16–2.35)* | 62 | 1.16 (0.74–1.81) |
| 1 year at the year of diagnosis | ||||||||
| Linear per 10 dB | 494 | 1.18 (1.04–1.33)* | 116 | 1.10 (0.85–1.42) | 392 | 1.21 (1.05–1.39)* | 218 | 1.08 (0.90–1.31) |
| Low < 48 dB | 77 | 1.00 | 21 | 1.00 | 59 | 1.00 | 39 | 1.00 |
| Medium 48–58 dB | 268 | 1.34 (1.03–1.74)* | 65 | 1.13 (0.68–1.89) | 216 | 1.42 (1.05–1.91)* | 117 | 1.11 (0.76–1.62) |
| High > 58 dB | 149 | 1.47 (1.09–1.98)* | 30 | 1.12 (0.61–2.03) | 117 | 1.53 (1.09–2.15)* | 62 | 1.18 (0.76–1.82) |
Abbreviations: ER Estrogen receptor, PR Progesterone receptor
aModel adjusted for birth cohort, urbanization (urban, provincial, rural), body mass index (underweight, normal, overweight, obese), leisure time physical activity (low, medium, high), alcohol consumption (low, moderate, heavy), age at menarche (≤ 12 years of age, > 12 years of age), parity (nulliparous, parous), number of births, age at first birth, menopausal status (premenopausal, postmenopausal), use of hormone therapy (never, past, current), use of oral contraceptives (never, ever) and smoking status
*p value <0.05