Table I.

Anti-discrimination protections for psychiatric risk biomarkers. Legislative pieces were interpreted based on clearly stated protection in employment, health, life insurance, and disability insurance.

International Anti-Discrimination Legislation Relevant to Psychiatric Risk Biomarkers			Social Spheres Protected
Protections for genomics-based psychiatric risk biomarkers			Employment	Health Insurance	Life Insurance	Disability Insurance
Country	Legislation Title	Year
Austria	Austrian Gene Technology Act	1995	✓	✓
Belgium	Insurance Law	1992		✓	✓	✓
	The Anti-Discrimination Law	2007	✓
Bulgaria	Bulgarian Health Act	2004	✓	✓	✓	✓
Canada	Genetic Non-Discrimination Act	2017	✓	✓	✓	✓
Denmark	Health Act No. 546	2005	✓	✓
Estonia	Human Genes Research Act	2000	✓	✓	✓	✓
France	Act of 4 March 2002	2002	✓	✓	✓	✓
Germany	Human Genetic Examination Act	2010	✓	✓	✓*	✓*
Israel	Genetic Information Law of 2000	2000	✓	✓
Mexico	Federal Law to Prevent and Eliminate Discrimination	2014	✓
Netherlands	Medical Examination Act	1998	✓	✓	✓**	✓**
Portugal	Law n°12/2005 of 26 January 2005	2005	✓	✓	✓
Spain	Spanish Constitution of 1978	1978	✓
Sweden	The Genetic Integrity Act	2006	✓	✓
United States	Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act	2008	✓	✓
Protections for all psychiatric risk biomarkers
Country	Legislation Title	Year
Albania	Law n°10 221 on Protection From Discrimination	2010	✓	✓	✓	✓
Switzerland	Article 328b of the Code of Obligations	1993	✓

^*Germany prohibits use of genetic information for life and disability insurance contracts up to a pre-specified amount.

^**The Netherlands prohibit use of genetic information for life and disability policies up to a pre-specified amount. (Otlowski et al. 2012)