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. 2018 Jun 14;39(38):3528–3539. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy333

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Effects of continuous noise exposure (24 h/day) on blood glucose, vascular function, systemic oxidative stress, and gene regulation (next generation sequencing data) in wild-type and Nox2−/− (gp91phox−/−) mice. Around the clock noise exposure (24 h/day) impaired endothelial function significantly (A and B) and increased blood glucose (C) in wild-type mice. The endothelium-independent relaxation (NTG response) is shown in Supplementary material online, Figure S1. Levels of 3-nitrotyrosine- and malondialdehyde-positive proteins were significantly increased in mouse plasma in wild-type mice (D and E). Circulating IL-6 in mouse plasma was significantly elevated in wild-type mice (F). Representative dot blots are shown in Supplementary material online, Figure S2. Vascular ROS formation as envisaged by DHE staining was increased in noise-exposed wild-type mice (G). None of the parameters were changed in around-the-clock noise exposed Nox2−/− (gp91phox−/−) mice. Noise-induced aortic superoxide formation as measured by HPLC analysis was higher by trend in wild type than in Nox2−/− (gp91phox−/−) mice (H). Representative HPLC chromatograms are shown in Supplementary material online, Figure S24. The pie chart and box/scatter plots summarize the number of genes that are significantly and tissue-independently regulated (I). Changes of transcriptional profiles were determined by next generation sequencing in aorta, heart, and kidney of mice exposed to aircraft noise and unexposed controls. Clustering of genes in heat maps revealed tissue-conserved transcriptional changes in the circadian clock pathway (J). Most significantly up- or down-regulated genes for all tissues can be found in Supplementary material online, Tables S1–S5. Data are presented as mean ± SD from n = 14–15 (A and B) or 6 (C) animals/group, at least three samples/group (pooled from 2 to 3 mice/sample) (D–F), 4–6 WT and 7–8 gp91phox−/− (G), and 4 mice/group (H–J). (A and B) Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA comparing the values of the entire curves; *P < 0.05 vs. control without noise at the same ACh concentration (as indicated by colour code). (H) Unpaired t-test with Welch’s correction was used. For all other data: normality test passed and one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s correction was used. lfcMLE means Log2 fold change with the unshrunken maximum likelihood estimate (MLE).