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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jun 21.
Published in final edited form as: Chemistry. 2018 May 14;24(35):8717–8726. doi: 10.1002/chem.201706180

Figure 3.

Figure 3.

Strategies for covalent cell surface modifications. Click chemistry methods involve coupling of metabolically incorporated azides to phosphines or alkynes for cargo delivery. NHS esters and maleimides can be used for conjugations to amines and thiols, respectively. Biotin can be linked to the cell membrane via several means, and then associate with streptavidin-related proteins linked to chemical moieties.